Sociology Of Work Good Jobs, Bad Jobs - 989 Words

background This paper is a final essay assignment for SOC 3421W which is â€Å"Sociology of Work: Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs?†. This essay is about â€Å"No Jobs† in America today, and the effects of a jobless situation on individuals, and my policy recommendations for increasing good jobs, reducing bad jobs, and eliminating no jobs will be described in this essay. This sample is the first part of the essay which includes introduction and some parts about the term, causes and consequences. I have some concerns about grammar in this essay. Especially, I would like to check whether I have used proper tenses and a/an and the in sentences correctly or not. No Job in America Today As the economy and technology in today have been developed constantly, the system of job markets has increased and diversified in various ways. However, even though the jobs are subdivided more and more, many people still hardly find the jobs which are perfectly fitted to (fitted to? Or fitted with?) each individual and ‘unemployment’ situations are occurred in many different circumstances. Although countless jobs and people who have jobs exist in modern society, most workers experience frequent unemployment at some point or between jobs during their working lives. According to Hudson (2002), the unemployment rate in the United States has stayed at relatively high levels during much of the period since the end of the Second World War. In this essay, the effects of a jobless situation on individuals whichShow MoreRelated How the Study of Sociology Helps us to Understand Different Societies877 Words   |  4 Pages Sociology allows us to understand how different groups of people act the way they do, and also brings us into their cultures, heritage and different backgrounds. This study also explains how culture plays a role in the way different groups act, and how it reflects on their society. 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The Importance Of Self-Adving Practices Of Dementia

The positive results of the study did however suggest that providing education and problem-solving strategies was beneficial for promoting self-efficacy in the experimental group whereas there was no change in the control group. Even though caregivers rated burden as higher closer to their loved one’s death, they felt better prepared for coping with the situation with the CARE intervention implemented, similar to the results of the TAILORED study by Sulmasy, et al., (2017) regarding decision making at the end of life. The researchers encouraged further randomized studies within more diagnostic groups to promote â€Å"self-efficacy†, or one’s beliefs in his/her ability to achieve a goal, to reduce stressors and perceived burdens as a caregiver†¦show more content†¦It is hypothesized that COPE would have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with dementia and their caregivers, related to health concerns, while maintaining cost effectiveness. Th e program would involve ten in-home visits with an Occupational Therapist (OT) and one in-home, plus one telephone contact (conversation) between the primary caregiver and an advanced practice nurse. The program would last approximately four months followed by questionnaire style interviews and rating forms as well as functional assessments of the patients. Because both functional disability and physical and emotional strain from caregivers predict higher nursing home admissions, the researchers suggest that the COPE program would defer or at least delay nursing home placement of dementia patients given added support and training for caregivers in the home environment. Per the 2016 article, this specific experiment has not been completed with the intended population as of yet, though the pilot study was hopeful. Researchers encourage the continued proposal to be followed through with hopes that functional interventions for managing patients with dementia and their caregivers stre ss will become an evidence based practice to be applied to the growing population of the cognitively impaired. The New York University Caregiver Intervention program (NYUCI), developed

Management theory and practice Free Essays

Introduction Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), was an early political scientist and is considered to be one of the most prominent American management theorists in the earlier half of the 20th century (Montana Chimov 2000, p.17). She is considered to be one of the founders of the field of Public Administration and organization studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Management theory and practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Labeled by many famous management writers, as the ‘Prophet of Management’ and the ‘Mother of Scientific Management’, she was a critical and independent thinker who has a powerful impact on the management theory in the 1920s and 1930s (Orlikowski 1996, p.427). Though an American by birth her work was better known in other countries like Britain and Japan. Some theorists attribute this to her being a woman with ideas that were far beyond her time. Another reason why her work did not have as much impact as other management theorists may also be because she worked as a social worker rather than in exalted business circles. Her approach for a social responsibility and working together was also in direct contrast to the use of power and authority, which was prevalent in the times when she was writing and lecturing (Tosi, Mero Rizzo 2001, p.11). The multinational and multicultural expansion of businesses has led to a different nature of roles and responsibilities among the management group. Today many companies are struggling towards corporate social responsibility and the ideas which Ms Follett had introduced years ago are being brought back into the light. The works of Mary Parker became obscure for a long time due to the disinterest among the companies at the time to look for a social responsibility and team work based organization. During her earlier studies, she met Dr. H Metcalf who later published many of her lectures. Dr. Metcalf together with Colonel L. Urwick together in the year 1941 assembled her lectures in a book called Dynamic Administration, which forms the basis for many researches looking for Follett’s work (Orlikowski 2003, p. 426) The Ideas of Mary Parker Follett Mary Parker Follett challenged the ideas of scientific management prevalent at the time, and helped in laying foundations to the human relations school of management (Witzel 2003 p. 102). Her idea was to control people by working with them. The industry at that time was completely hierarchical and authority and power were exerted in a military style. Follett however rooted for an entirely different style of management. She advocated for flatter hierarchies, teamwork and participative management leadership based on ability, cooperative conflict resolution and a shared corporate vision (Bloom Reichert 1998, p.258). This may be one of the reasons why her ideas were not immediately accepted in the US, where power games were the mainstay for any type of business. The companies were inherently family businesses and the leadership was the next successor to the family whether worthy or not. Teamwork was an unheard of concept, as the management scoffed at it and the subordinates worked solely at the directions of their superiors. Follett’s research and writings pointed to a collaborative approach to problem solving which advocated compromise. In fact one of her favorite admonitions to the management was ‘don’t over-manage your employees’, calling over-managing of employees as bossism. Now days, this process is known as micromanaging by many of the corporate houses. According to her workers could recognize the logic of a situation present in any management request and would comply accordingly (Montana Chamov 2000, p. 17). Hence, the management task was to formulate their requests in a logical way but to resist giving too many orders. Her work in modern times constitutes the basis of problem solving and hence is receiving renewed interest. For avoiding over-management situations in organizations, Mary Parker developed the law of situation in 1928. According to her, leaders would be more successful if they would adjust their style of leadership to the needs of their subordinates and to the requirements of the situation(Covell, Walker, Siciliano Hess 2007, p.37) . This approach is reflected in today’s scenario as contingency view, and can be seen in almost every aspect of management. Organizations usually have contingency plans, which are basically options for every situation which is likely to be encountered. A further offshoot of this plan is the Risk Management, which is the current buzzword in management of organizations. Mary Follett thought that use of authority may have negative effects. Contrary to the popular belief it does not flow downward on principle, but the interactions of various process and most importantly people with intelligent thought influence its progress throughout the channels (Tosi, Mero Rizzo, 2000, p. 11). Also in case of conflicts, she thought that a collaborative solution would tend to be productive as it would lead to integrative problem solving, rather than just exerting authority over the subordinates to impose a solution. In a sense differences would have a positive effect as they would lead to an analysis of the entire boundary of the solution. Mary Follett considered the process of management to be participative instead of one-sided. It hence follows that the job of the management is to channel both group activity and group conflicts and use them constructively to find solutions. She understood the complex social situations and focused on the working groups, which in her view should be managed efficiently instead of order to get the best results (Collins 2000, p. 54). This holds true in today’s world with many companies being too large and hence being de-centralized without losing their identity or corporate culture. Hence, management should focus on getting things done by their employees instead of controlling them at every level. The theories proposed by Mary Follett were not just related to organizations. Some of them also concerned the professional working within these organizations. The popular term used by employees in recent times is professionalism. The word was defined by Mary Parker in a way that holds true in recent terms. According to Follett, â€Å"A professional is a person who maintains loyalty to a code of ethics that transcends to a loyalty to the rest of the organization.† (Shell 2003, p.2) Hence, the term is usually used by freelance or consultants who do not bend their ethics for loyalty towards a company. Applications of Follett’s principles to organizations Mary Follett was one of the pioneers of the profession of Management Consultant in Britain. She worked for global giants like Unilever as wells as progressive Quaker firms (Murphy 2005 p. 80). In both these organizations she held major influence in bringing the human relations principles to managements. Her thoughts however were forgotten for a long time before the globalization of organizations and the consequent increase in difficulty in managing organizations by a single party. This prompted a structure of globalization where the organization looked into becoming better managed rather than more controlled. The principle of human relations can be seen in many of the organizations whether they explicitly follow the principles or not As an example Samsung is one of the giant corporations which had to be decentralized due to the political conditions prevalent in Korea at the time. The company went in for a complete decentralization where each of the industries are governed by an independent body. However, each of the companies follows single corporate vision which joins the company under one head. Samsung prepares its own chips for the end products, and is a world leader in both the mobile and chip segments. The effective delegation of work is one of the chief elements of Mary Follett’s lectures One of the major ironies is that while the work of Mary Parker was not very much in vogue in United States, countries like Britain and especially Japan embraced her philosophy. The Japanese have always been appreciative of her work because it has been in tune with the consensual, thoughtful, careful and above all respectful approach which is the characteristic of Japanese people. This is probably the reason why many of the Japanese companies follow the approach for joining huge corporations –Sony is an example of a huge company conglomerate which is entirely decentralized. In addition it is collaboration with many companies for future research (Mant 1999, p. 99) References Books Bloom SL, Reichert M, 1998, Bearing Witness: Violence and Collective responsibility, Haworth Press, NewYork Collins DV, 2000, Management Fads and Buzzwords: Critical Practical Perspectives, Roultedge, NewYork Covell D, Walker S, Siciliano J, Hess PW, 2007, Managing Sports Organizations: Responsibility for Performance†, Elsevier, Oxford Mant A, 1999, Intelligent Leadership, Allan Unwin, New South Wales Montana PJ, Chamov BH, 2000, Management, Barron’s Educational Series, NewYork Murphy CN, 2005, Global Institutions: Marginalization and Development, Roultedge, NewYork Orlikowski WJ, 2003, Information Technology and Changes in Organizational Work, Springer, London Shell RL, 2003, Management of Professionals, CRC Press, NewYork Tosi HL, Mero NP, Rizzo JR, 2000, Managing Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford Witzel M, 2003, Fifty Key Figures in Management, Roultedge, Newyork Internet Articles http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_decentralzation_delegation.html How to cite Management theory and practice, Essay examples

Shakespeare Argumentative Essay free essay sample

Does it really matter who wrote Shakespeare? Who cares if Shakespeare did not write the greatest plays or sonnets of our millenium? Some research points to the theory that William Shakespeare was credited for plays that he did not write, but that does not change the everlasting impact Shakespearean works have had on the world. Shakespeare is like Santa Claus. He is real up to a certain point. Though Saint Nicholas did give presents to his neighbors, he does not travel all over the world to deliver presents to billions of children. Over time, the truth about him becomes faded and he starts becoming a more fictional character. Shakespeare was credited for work he may not have written, but does that matter? Did Santa really give away presents to the whole globe in one night? No, but Santa still has a significant impact on children all over the world. Not much is known about the real Saint Nick, but it is commonly accepted that he was indeed a good person. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare Argumentative Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Santa is just like William Shakespeare and his plays. Shakespeare will be an iconic writer for a very long time whether he wrote his plays or not. The impact he had on our modern world is enormous. Shakespeare added three thousand new words to the English language (Kurlak). He also wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets that are still read and admired today. Whether Shakespeare wrote them or not makes no difference, The impact is from the words, not the elusive figure who wrote them. Events happen in the world, it does not matter who is responsible, all that is important is that they occurred. William Shakespeare will always be the name of an iconic writer of our time. Shakespeare may or may not be responsible for the great influence on our English language, but it is not that big of a deal. Does it matter what the name of the man who was responsible for the Holocaust was? Sure it was Adolf Hitler, but in the end does that really matter? All that matters is that the events in the Holocaust occurred. Shakespeare is just a name, not a series of events, not three thousand new vocabulary terms, not 38 society-altering plays, not 154 influential sonnets, he is still just a man. Secondly, there is not a scrap of true, complete evidence that points to an alternative authorship to Shakespeare’s plays ( Cleopatra). If there is no true evidence against Shakespeare’s authorship then why should it matter to challenge his authorship in the first place? I know that there are,† possible candidates,† for the true Shakespeare, but there is no real proof. In order to challenge something you need evidence to support your claim. Just like this paper, I would not be able to state anything without evidence from a reliable source. We may never know who the true author was unless evidence is found that proves otherwise. But until that time, who cares? There is no need to be focusing on silly conspiracies that lead to nowhere. Though Shakespeare’s impact stretches far beyond a name, some see the importance of finding the real author of Shakespearean plays and sonnets. These masterpieces are what our society have been basing theatrical performances off of for the past four or five centuries! Many find it imperative that society knows who the true creator of these plays is. If Shakespeare is everything that he is made up to be, then good! That just means that we knew all along and had our historic facts straight. If some of those plays were made by another man, then things might be different. If we discovered that it was actually Francis Bacon who wrote these plays then college and high school courses may change tremendously. In the end though, who cares! The world will not change and society will not dramatically change just because a different man wrote the greatest plays of all time. Shakespeare is the name of probably the greatest author in history. His plays will be used around the world for a very long time. Yet it will not matter ten years from now if someone discovers he was not the true author. In my opinion, nothing will change if Francis Bacon wrote the plays. It is important to know this so you do not end up wasting your time on this topic. Shakespeare will always be the greatest name in the history of theater arts. Whether he wrote his plays or not, this will remain the same. Moreover, I do not believe there is any evidence that leads to Shakespeare not being the true author. There is no proof that he is a fraud so I cannot believe him to be one. Basically what I am saying is, do not bother looking for the true author of Shakespeare’s plays. To me, this is equivalent to finding out who really shot John F. Kennedy, or who was behind the 9/11 attack. It is a silly conspiracy that does not need to be looked into, or over thought about.