Concussions †Managing the Risk Essay examples -- Essays Papers

Concussions – Managing the Risk Imagine that one day you woke up and could no longer do the simple things you enjoy in life. What if you couldn’t even read the paper or watch a movie with a loved one? Many current and former athletes are suffering through this every day, and the reason for this is long-term brain damage which is a direct result of concussions. Unfortunately concussions have been rising at an alarming rate. This trend has not only been occurring in big money professional sports, but also in amateur sports like youth soccer. Concussions are quickly becoming an epidemic across the entire sporting world. Each year about 300 000 amateur and professional athletes suffer head injuries (Mcphee 1). Athletics must make some significant changes to deal with this ongoing crisis. First of all, more research must be done on concussions and athletes must be more informed about the risks they are taking. Secondly, the athletic community must look at the role of technology in sports and decide how i t should be applied to help improve this situation. Finally, the governing bodies of sport must implement rule changes to protect athletes from unnecessary risks during competition. Until these issues are addressed, this alarming trend of long-term brain injury will continue throughout the sporting world. A concussion is most often defined as a trauma induced alteration in mental status that may or may not involve loss of consciousness (Leclerc 2). Concussions can be sorted into three grades. The least serious is a grade one or mild concussion; this type of concussion occurs when there is no loss of consciousness and the posttraumatic amnesia is less than thirty minutes. The second grade of concussion is a grade two... ...?† Chronicle of Higher Education. Vol. 48.12, p.17. 16 November 2001. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. Moore, Anne. â€Å"Riddell tackling school market; Helmet design aims to lessen concussions. Crain’s Chicago Business. 5 August 2002. Gen’l Reference Ctr Gold. Infotrac. Potter, Douglass. â€Å"Effects of closed head injury on cognitive function.† University of Dundee Research Projects. 28 February 2003. . Roos, Robert. â€Å"Guidelines for Managing Concussion in Sports: A Persistent Headache.† The Physician and Sports Medicine. Date of visit unknown. . Schnirring, Lisa. â€Å"How Effective is Computerized Concussion Management?† Physician and Sportsmedicine. Vol. 29.8, p. 11. August 2001. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost.

Cuyahoga River

Daniel Groves Environmental Geology Case Study November 22, 2011 Cuyahoga River Fires â€Å"In the United States, a concerted effort is underway to reduce water pollution and thereby improve water quality. † (Keller) A case history of river pollution is the Cuyahoga River located in Northeastern Ohio. The river is 100 miles long flowing south to Cuyahoga Falls where it then turns north until it empties into Lake Erie. Cleveland and Akron are two major cities located along the river. The Cuyahoga is known as an infant glacial river, this is because it is one of the youngest river created from the melting of the glaciers.It is estimated that the river is about 13,000 year old. The story of the Cuyahoga is one with many lows and highs. The fires being the lows; new legislation and organizations formed to clean up and then prevent this from happening to other rivers being the highs. The name â€Å"Cuyahoga† comes from Native American word meaning crooked river. The river wa s very useful to early Native Americans; it allowed for easy transportation and plenty of food. The river supported all types of wildlife that the natives would kill for their furs.Just as the Cuyahoga was useful for Native Americans, the European settlers used it in many of the same ways. Early European fur traders may have played a large part in the demise of the Cuyahoga. Many hunters would set up trading post along the river. During the War of 1812 the Native American had been displace by the new settlers. The Cuyahoga River Basin was a desirable area for most settlers. The Founding Fathers knew that the area that is now Ohio would be of great importance. They knew that the Cuyahoga was the prime spot because the river empties into Lake Erie.Soon large steel and rubber industries would build factories that produced tremendous amounts of untreated wastes. These industries are characterized by heavy manufacturing activity and an outflow of production. The pollution that was produc ed by these industries caused the river to be unsafe. The Cuyahoga River has had many fires over the years. The first fire in 1936 was rumored to be started by a blow torch spark. In 1952 a fire caused a million dollars’ worth of damage to river boats and riverfront businesses.On June 22, 1969 another river fire engulfed the river, this time the media coverage captured the attention of the nation. Time Magazine described the Cuyahoga as the river that â€Å"oozes rather that flows† and in which a person â€Å"doesn’t drown but decays†. Many of the residents of Cleveland accepted the pollution as a necessary evil because they had jobs at these factories. This article helped the people of Cleveland pass a 100 million dollar bond to clean up the Cuyahoga River. Much of the industry that both made Cleveland rich and caused its river to burn may never be coming back.The costs of these fires were tremendous, but it did help lead to laws being passed to prevent this from happening in other rivers. One such law was the Clean Water Act of 1972. The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in which the US governs water pollution. The Act states the objectives of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic substances into water. The CWA made it unlawful to dump toxic materials into navigable, waters unless given a permit. The permit is given through the EPA’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.The purpose of The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System is to regulate point sources that flow into bodies of water. The Clean Water Act has been changed over the years because of the development of technology. Another was the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement is a document constructed to keep the physical and biological integrity of the Great Lakes and the surrounding regions. It also includes many objectives and processes to maintain the integrity that was outlined in t he document.According to the 13th biennial reports on Great Lakes Water Quality December 2006, â€Å"We further believe that such progress depends, to a very substantial extent, on whether the Parties and other levels of government, working together, create the means by which they can be held accountable for progress toward achieving the objectives of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. † (Commission) Another Organization that was formed as a result of the Cuyahoga River fires is the â€Å"Cuyahoga River Remedial Action Plan† or RAP. RAP was created in 1988 by Ohio EPA as a community based program aimed at restoring the Cuyahoga River.Their goals are to inform the community of the effects of pollution and to work with industries to stop the pollution of the river. â€Å"The RAP is a proven resource for bringing together technical knowledge, stakeholders and local officials in a supportive setting to develop and implement effective solutions for restoring our loca l streams. † (Erie Brand Streams and Rivers) It is amazing how a river catching fire opens the eyes of so many people. It took Time Magazine to scare a nation into do something about individuals and companies dumping untreated waste into rivers and lakes.When more people realized what these industries were doing to their hometown, they took action. Even though things for the Cuyahoga and the Great Lakes are improving there is still much to be done. Works Cited Commission, International Joint. 13th Biennial Report On Great Lakes Water Quality. 2006. Erie Brand Streams and Rivers, . â€Å"Operations and Maintenance. † Epa. gov. CRCPO, Nov 2003. Web. 21 Nov 2011. . Keller, Edward A. Introduction To Environmental Geology. 4th. Prentice Hall, 2008. Cuyahoga River The Cuyahoga River The Cuyahoga River is located in northeastern Ohio running through the major cities of Cleveland and Akron. The river is 100 miles long and empties into Lake Erie. It was said to be formed by the advancement and retreat of ice sheets during the ice age. The final retreat caused the river to flow north ward which had flowed southward before. (Michael) In more recent times, the Cuyahoga River was known as â€Å"the river that caught fire. † This is because the river was polluted from industrial companies spilling their waste into the river during the late 1880’s all the way up to the mid 1900’s.The river had a top layer of oil coating it which got thicker as years went by. People who worked on the river had a goal of not falling overboard into the river. One Cleveland mayor, Rensselaer R. Herrick, of the 1880’s even stated, â€Å"It is a sewer that runs through the heart of the city. † (Michael & The) The river was so polluted that it was like a cauldron to most. Even rats had been seen flowing down the river. Residents near Cleveland said they could feel the pollution. (Michael) Richard Ellers was a resident in Cleveland. He states, â€Å"Back in the '60s †¦I went on a news excursion on the river downtown to show how bad the pollution was. I remember we could see a layer of crud on the water but didn't appreciate its thickness of the pollution on Cuyahoga River until I dipped my hand into it. † (Cuyahoga) The river was devastating to live by, but much worse to be around. It was so contaminated that it caught on fire multiple times. The fires had started ever since 1868. River fires became the most occurring incidents on the river. These occurrences quickly gave Cleveland a tarnished name and a realization for all about how unclean the river really was. Michael & The) As the dirty river got worse over time, so did the fires. The Cuyahoga River fire of 1969 happened in June of that year beside Campb ell Road in southeastern Cleveland near the Republic Steel Mill. (Michael) There were large amounts of debris soaked of oil that were just waiting to all burn up in flames one day. It was said to be either sparked by a passing train or molten steel. (Ohio & The) The fire grew enough for flames to be leaping up from the water. (Michael) It could’ve burned down Cleveland if not tamed.It was swiftly doused by local firefighting tugboat crews. It was safe to know that it did not cause maximum damage or any fatality. Fortunately, it was also the last river fire to happen. (Ohio & The) This incident became known all over the country. The U. S. was becoming more eco aware of the environment. Cleveland started taking strides in protecting the river and cleaning it up. Residents passed a bond that granted 100 million dollars to clean it up. Cleveland was still the symbol of environmental degradation even though it was taking steps towards pollution control though. Ohio) â€Å"The thi ck pollution on the water and the fire became a convenient example of what ‘bad' really is,† said Frank Samsel, whose company aided in early 1970s cleanup efforts. â€Å"And the more you talked down about how terrible it was, the more the press and news jumped on it. But it also made people aware of the fact that things could be different. † Cleveland was wide awake about how bad they let things get. (Cuyahoga) Time magazine wrote an article about the incident which put pressure on Cleveland about hygienic regulation.They already had enough pressure due to their bad reputation about the unhygienic river. (Ohio) Mayor, Carl Stokes, started to become very active in the situation. He could see how it affected the city and used that to make positive changes. (Cuyahoga) Carl Stoke’s brother got involved as well. US representative, Louis Stokes, urged federal involvement. The legislature passed the National Environment Protection Act (NEPA) which was signed into law Jan 1st, 1970. It was an act that formed the agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which led to the put forth of the Clean Water Act of 1972.It mandates that all rivers in the United States to be hygienic enough to allow mass amounts of swimmers and fish in the water by 1983. (Cuyahoga & The) The progress became very noticeable to not only the residents near the Cuyahoga River, but to the country as well. (The) The legislature had invested 3. 5 billion into the purification of the river and new sewer systems. (Ohio) The Cuyahoga River became safer and residents felt at ease again. Most importantly, the country was educated and thought more about the environment in which they lived in. Michael) The Cuyahoga River of 1969 brought positive change after all. The U. S hasn’t seen a river fire since 1969. The water quality improved greatly. (The) Today, it is a playground to fish and swim in like most rivers. The river is now home to 60 different species of fish as well. The river fire reshaped Cleveland and the realities of life. (Ohio) Bibliography Michael Rotman, â€Å"Cuyahoga River Fire,† Cleveland Historical, accessed February 25, 2013, http://clevelandhistorical. org/items/show/63 Ohio History Central – An Online Encyclopedia of Ohio History – Ohio Historical Society. Ohio History Central – An Online Encyclopedia of Ohio History – Ohio Historical Society. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. . Cuyahoga River fire 40 years ago ignited an ongoing cleanup campaign | cleveland. com. † Cleveland OH Local News, Breaking News, Sports & Weather – cleveland. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. . The return of the Cuyahoga. Dir. Lawrence R. Hott. Perf. Cleveland. Ideastream ;, 2008. DVD.

Is Love Good or Evil Essay - 721 Words

Is Love Good or Evil? Love is an emotion we all experience in our lives. The feeling is amazing for most people and not so wonderful for others. As I searched for the word love in the dictionary, the definition explained it to be a strong affection and warm attachment for another person. I believe the word love has a more intense and deeper meaning than any dictionary is able to represent. It does little to define what love is beyond the eyes of the person who actually experiences it. A person that is familiar with the term learns the emotions and feelings that develops throughout the relationship. A dictionary definition is unable to explain the true meaning of love. This is why it is my duty to clarify what love†¦show more content†¦As a person who desires this romance, I could never see living my life without it. I have always wanted to be in love, and I constantly wished for it in return. I long to spend the rest of my life with somebody. As time passes by and I become older, I come to realize how in some cases a person who is in love is supposed to feel wonderful, but in the end just winds up being more lost and confused than she started out to be. I was caught up into the confusion myself. While in a relationship, I began being the person my boyfriend wanted me to be and hid the person that I really am. It resulted in more pain than it did in happiness. He seemed to be content with the situation, but was it because I did everything to make him happy or was he really in love? I was convinced I knew what love was. I felt the weak knees and the need to rush the relationship, but I was mistaken by the wrong feelings. It does not always bring pleasure and laughter into my life, but someday hope it will. Although my relationship caused a great amount of pain, in the end it worked out for the best. It seems the people we love hurt us the most, and we become miserable with them, yet at the same time, we are miserable without them. It is a continuous circle o f nothing but confusion. Confusion is not all we experience with this feeling. People claim to get interesting symptoms from being in love, or infatuation as I call it. Dizziness,Show MoreRelatedMoral Evil vs. Natural Evil Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesEvil can be categorized into two forms, moral evil and natural evil. Moral evil is brought about by bad choices that stem from our free will. Natural evil is bad things that happen to people, whether they deserve them or not. The problem with evil is, â€Å"Either we must say that God is not wholly good, and that he permits or is even the author of evil. Or we must say that God is not omnipotent, and although he is wholly good and would prevent evil if he could, he is powerless to stop it.† (FitzgeraldRead MoreGood vs Bad in a tale of two cities Essay722 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Good vs. Bad In the novel, A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens opens with an anaphora, about how the world is throughout the novel. A reoccurring theme throughout this story is the battle between good and evil. Most of the novel is about the struggles each force has and how most of the time good triumphs over evil. In A Tale of Two Cities, the triumph of love, the death of the Marquis, and the contrast between Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay shows how good triumphed over evil. Throughout theRead MoreEvil, By Robert M. Adams, James Cain And Richard Hauser On The Eyes Of The Beholder1474 Words   |  6 PagesEvil is in the eye of the beholder, sometimes a daily reality. To present the problem of evil you must first know that evil exists. Since God reveals himself as the all-powerful, all knowing and all good, how can the same God allow evil to exist and for bad things to happen to good people? Our suffering, as well as the suffering of others, vividly marks the presence of evil in our world. The majority of us struggle at one time or another in life with why evil happens to our family, friends, nationRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil By Robert M. Adams1499 Words   |  6 PagesPROBLEM OF EVIL IN THE WORLD Evil is in the eye of the beholder, sometimes a daily reality. To present the problem of evil you must first know that evil exists. Since God reveals himself as the all-powerful, all knowing and all good, how can the same God allow evil to exist and for bad things to happen to good people? Our suffering, as well as the suffering of others, vividly marks the presence of evil in our world. The majority of us struggle at one time or another in life with why evil happens toRead MoreThe Selfish Giant By Albert Einstein1429 Words   |  6 Pagescreate evil. Just as darkness is the absence of light, evil is the absence of God.† Now 1 John 4:16 in the Bible mention that, â€Å"God is love†. By tallying the two statements, the logical conclusion that the void created by the lack of love, is evil. Love, it can eliminate the darkness of evil. In â€Å"The Selfish Giant†, evil can be portrayed as the selfishness exhibited by the Giant, and what that evil caused. Similarly in the second story, â€Å"Each In His Own Tongue† also held this theme of love conqueringRead MoreSt. Augustine s Theory Of Evil899 Words   |  4 PagesSaint Augustine struggled with the concept of evil in the natural world while simultaneously converting to Christianity, much to his mother’s delight. Augustine began by looking for sound arguments against the Manichean school of thought, which he prescribed to for a short while himself. The Neo-Platonic philosophy eventually showed him the intellectual way toward this goal when Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, began to apply this philosophical viewpoint to Christianity. In the end, Augustine createdRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Duality Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature, duality is anything that has two sides, mostly dealing with good and evil. Duality plays an important role in showing who the characters are and how the story occurs in many different books. Books in which duality plays a prominent role include Dr. Jekyll and Mrs.Hyde, Romeo and Juliet, and the Bible. Duality exists throughout the play Romeo and Juliet. The things characters say, the characters, and actions of the characters are ways duality exists in the play. For example,Read MoreEvil And The Free Will Defense Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesGenerally, God is known to be all good, to have complete control and power, and to be loving. Although, how come there is evil in the world with such an angelic God?   If God cares and loves us- wouldnt he prevent the suffering if he could? Since he is all powerful, he should be able to eliminate the suffering that evil brings. It seems we only have two potential answers: either God is not loving and all powerful, or God does not exist. Although, I am going to try to give an alternative answer andRead MoreSt. Augustines important philosophical contributions to defend the philosophy of Christianity.1709 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity. One of these contributions concerned the philosophical problem of evil. Up until St. Augustines t ime, philosophers questioned the idea proposed by Christians that evil generated in a world created by a perfectly good God. The problem is easy enough to understand, yet slightly more complicated to solve. St. Augustine raised some fairly good propositions to offer an explanation for this question. Although the problem of evil has been answered for the most part, there are still many who disbelieveRead MoreA Bible Study Session At The Emanuel African Methodist Church1408 Words   |  6 Pagesas we know, were good people. Why would God allow such evil to occur, especially in a church? Better yet, why does God allow any evil to occur? The Problem of Evil is that if an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent god exists, then evil does not but evil exist. Therefore such a God does not exist. There are different ways to explain how both God and evil exist. Evil does exist in our world and it does because God gives mankind free will and that evil is necessary for good. Those who disagree

Sociology Of Work Good Jobs, Bad Jobs - 989 Words

background This paper is a final essay assignment for SOC 3421W which is â€Å"Sociology of Work: Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs?†. This essay is about â€Å"No Jobs† in America today, and the effects of a jobless situation on individuals, and my policy recommendations for increasing good jobs, reducing bad jobs, and eliminating no jobs will be described in this essay. This sample is the first part of the essay which includes introduction and some parts about the term, causes and consequences. I have some concerns about grammar in this essay. Especially, I would like to check whether I have used proper tenses and a/an and the in sentences correctly or not. No Job in America Today As the economy and technology in today have been developed constantly, the system of job markets has increased and diversified in various ways. However, even though the jobs are subdivided more and more, many people still hardly find the jobs which are perfectly fitted to (fitted to? Or fitted with?) each individual and ‘unemployment’ situations are occurred in many different circumstances. Although countless jobs and people who have jobs exist in modern society, most workers experience frequent unemployment at some point or between jobs during their working lives. According to Hudson (2002), the unemployment rate in the United States has stayed at relatively high levels during much of the period since the end of the Second World War. In this essay, the effects of a jobless situation on individuals whichShow MoreRelated How the Study of Sociology Helps us to Understand Different Societies877 Words   |  4 Pages Sociology allows us to understand how different groups of people act the way they do, and also brings us into their cultures, heritage and different backgrounds. This study also explains how culture plays a role in the way different groups act, and how it reflects on their society. There are many social issues that sociology explains, such as how larger social and historical forces effect the way the communities act and how individuals act. All of these topics stress how important sociologyRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management835 Words   |  4 Pagesworkforce communities thrive† (Who). A human resource management position may be the job for you. Every business and enterprise has a human resource manager, including Starbucks, Disney and even Apple. This job includes planning and coordination, organization, consulting employees and to oversee the work and employees. All the schooling and stress that comes along with this occupation pays off in the end with an enjoyable job. Human Resources originates from the field personnel as said from the HumanRead MoreWhy Do Such Divisions Exist Within The Labour Market? Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagesregarding Canada’s diverse labour market is that, simply, some jobs are better than others. When comparing what makes one job better than another, various factors such as work hours, wages, benefits, and security are assessed. It makes sense that permanent, full-time, well-compensated, secure positions would be considered â€Å"better† than precarious (unreliable and/or unpredictable), part-time, temporary, low-wage, benefits-absent jobs would be. However, to complicate this labour market division furtherRead MoreThe Contribution of Functionalist Sociology to an Understanding of the Role of Education in Society1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Contribution of Functionalist Sociology to an Understanding of the Role of Education in Society Works Cited Missing Schools serve a function in a complex industrial society that family and peer groups cannot ( Durkheim,1956) Education is important in society. The structure and processes of education systems are related to the general process of socialisation. All sociologists agree with this, but sociologists have many different views about how societies are structuredRead MoreSocial, Sociology, And Sociology857 Words   |  4 PagesSocial work is centred on people, of all ages, races and class backgrounds to try to make their lives better. Social workers collaborate with individuals and families to improve outcomes and quality of life. It is an intense and responsible job and an employee’s actions will have consequences, whether they are good or bad. Social workers ensure the welfare of vulnerable groups or individuals who need that extra support. Social work as a subject area includes elements of psychology, law and sociologyRead MoreSociology Studies On Social And Institutions Of The Individual And Groups1170 Words   |  5 PagesSociology studies all aspects of society including social relationships and institutions of the individual and groups. Sociology studies social interactions, relationships, and culture. Sociologist are interested in learning about how the social process influences human behavior and feelings in addition to their thought process. There is a wide range of topics that sociologists study. There are topics that are on a societal level such as the divisions in social class and race, social movements, devianceRead MoreThe Inequality And Health Care1107 Words   |  5 PagesRegion and 3 tables were drawn breaking down the factors of health and income. The evidence suggest that for Central Texas residents sur veyed making $35,000 or less had a higher percentage of being uninsured. This correlates with economic status and jobs such as blue collar workers as opposed to those white collar occupations, specifically those in the community averaging a yearly income of $15,000 - $35,000 had no health care coverage of approximately 30%. Upon further analyzing the second graph theRead MoreWalmart As A Corporate Entity1170 Words   |  5 Pages(Walmart Locations Around the World - United States.) You may be asking how all of this fits into sociology. The answer is, simply, function. Walmart as a corporate entity serves a purpose in society, thus fitting into the functionalist perspective of sociology. Let us first explore the functions that Walmart serves for society. First and most obvious, Walmart provides millions of people with the goods and services they require to carry on their day to day lives. When most people think of WalmartRead MorePublic Sociology And Its Normative Commitment1169 Words   |  5 Pages4.1. Public sociology and its normative commitment Concerning Burawoy’s appeal for sociologists to be involved in social change and improvement, Hanemaayer Schneider (2014) asked how and under what circumstances should or should not sociologists advocate for social change? And how do we know what is best for humanity? Noteworthy of Durkheim’s concerns of public sociology is the caution of the discipline being value-ladden in terms of its normative commitments on social issues (Hanemaayer, 2014)Read MoreDr. Wolfe s Sociological Training910 Words   |  4 Pageslooks at these events. In his statement he talks about how police brutality is not just happening among â€Å"a few bad apples† but instead how it is a systemic issue. He may be right but he also may be wrong. Dr. Wolfe is trained to study race, the criminal justice system and the relationship between both of them. This does not mean he has the answers to these problems. Being training in sociology, he looks at these events in the obvious matter that a pro blem has formed in society. Police brutality is real

The Importance Of Self-Adving Practices Of Dementia

The positive results of the study did however suggest that providing education and problem-solving strategies was beneficial for promoting self-efficacy in the experimental group whereas there was no change in the control group. Even though caregivers rated burden as higher closer to their loved one’s death, they felt better prepared for coping with the situation with the CARE intervention implemented, similar to the results of the TAILORED study by Sulmasy, et al., (2017) regarding decision making at the end of life. The researchers encouraged further randomized studies within more diagnostic groups to promote â€Å"self-efficacy†, or one’s beliefs in his/her ability to achieve a goal, to reduce stressors and perceived burdens as a caregiver†¦show more content†¦It is hypothesized that COPE would have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with dementia and their caregivers, related to health concerns, while maintaining cost effectiveness. Th e program would involve ten in-home visits with an Occupational Therapist (OT) and one in-home, plus one telephone contact (conversation) between the primary caregiver and an advanced practice nurse. The program would last approximately four months followed by questionnaire style interviews and rating forms as well as functional assessments of the patients. Because both functional disability and physical and emotional strain from caregivers predict higher nursing home admissions, the researchers suggest that the COPE program would defer or at least delay nursing home placement of dementia patients given added support and training for caregivers in the home environment. Per the 2016 article, this specific experiment has not been completed with the intended population as of yet, though the pilot study was hopeful. Researchers encourage the continued proposal to be followed through with hopes that functional interventions for managing patients with dementia and their caregivers stre ss will become an evidence based practice to be applied to the growing population of the cognitively impaired. The New York University Caregiver Intervention program (NYUCI), developed

Management theory and practice Free Essays

Introduction Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), was an early political scientist and is considered to be one of the most prominent American management theorists in the earlier half of the 20th century (Montana Chimov 2000, p.17). She is considered to be one of the founders of the field of Public Administration and organization studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Management theory and practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Labeled by many famous management writers, as the ‘Prophet of Management’ and the ‘Mother of Scientific Management’, she was a critical and independent thinker who has a powerful impact on the management theory in the 1920s and 1930s (Orlikowski 1996, p.427). Though an American by birth her work was better known in other countries like Britain and Japan. Some theorists attribute this to her being a woman with ideas that were far beyond her time. Another reason why her work did not have as much impact as other management theorists may also be because she worked as a social worker rather than in exalted business circles. Her approach for a social responsibility and working together was also in direct contrast to the use of power and authority, which was prevalent in the times when she was writing and lecturing (Tosi, Mero Rizzo 2001, p.11). The multinational and multicultural expansion of businesses has led to a different nature of roles and responsibilities among the management group. Today many companies are struggling towards corporate social responsibility and the ideas which Ms Follett had introduced years ago are being brought back into the light. The works of Mary Parker became obscure for a long time due to the disinterest among the companies at the time to look for a social responsibility and team work based organization. During her earlier studies, she met Dr. H Metcalf who later published many of her lectures. Dr. Metcalf together with Colonel L. Urwick together in the year 1941 assembled her lectures in a book called Dynamic Administration, which forms the basis for many researches looking for Follett’s work (Orlikowski 2003, p. 426) The Ideas of Mary Parker Follett Mary Parker Follett challenged the ideas of scientific management prevalent at the time, and helped in laying foundations to the human relations school of management (Witzel 2003 p. 102). Her idea was to control people by working with them. The industry at that time was completely hierarchical and authority and power were exerted in a military style. Follett however rooted for an entirely different style of management. She advocated for flatter hierarchies, teamwork and participative management leadership based on ability, cooperative conflict resolution and a shared corporate vision (Bloom Reichert 1998, p.258). This may be one of the reasons why her ideas were not immediately accepted in the US, where power games were the mainstay for any type of business. The companies were inherently family businesses and the leadership was the next successor to the family whether worthy or not. Teamwork was an unheard of concept, as the management scoffed at it and the subordinates worked solely at the directions of their superiors. Follett’s research and writings pointed to a collaborative approach to problem solving which advocated compromise. In fact one of her favorite admonitions to the management was ‘don’t over-manage your employees’, calling over-managing of employees as bossism. Now days, this process is known as micromanaging by many of the corporate houses. According to her workers could recognize the logic of a situation present in any management request and would comply accordingly (Montana Chamov 2000, p. 17). Hence, the management task was to formulate their requests in a logical way but to resist giving too many orders. Her work in modern times constitutes the basis of problem solving and hence is receiving renewed interest. For avoiding over-management situations in organizations, Mary Parker developed the law of situation in 1928. According to her, leaders would be more successful if they would adjust their style of leadership to the needs of their subordinates and to the requirements of the situation(Covell, Walker, Siciliano Hess 2007, p.37) . This approach is reflected in today’s scenario as contingency view, and can be seen in almost every aspect of management. Organizations usually have contingency plans, which are basically options for every situation which is likely to be encountered. A further offshoot of this plan is the Risk Management, which is the current buzzword in management of organizations. Mary Follett thought that use of authority may have negative effects. Contrary to the popular belief it does not flow downward on principle, but the interactions of various process and most importantly people with intelligent thought influence its progress throughout the channels (Tosi, Mero Rizzo, 2000, p. 11). Also in case of conflicts, she thought that a collaborative solution would tend to be productive as it would lead to integrative problem solving, rather than just exerting authority over the subordinates to impose a solution. In a sense differences would have a positive effect as they would lead to an analysis of the entire boundary of the solution. Mary Follett considered the process of management to be participative instead of one-sided. It hence follows that the job of the management is to channel both group activity and group conflicts and use them constructively to find solutions. She understood the complex social situations and focused on the working groups, which in her view should be managed efficiently instead of order to get the best results (Collins 2000, p. 54). This holds true in today’s world with many companies being too large and hence being de-centralized without losing their identity or corporate culture. Hence, management should focus on getting things done by their employees instead of controlling them at every level. The theories proposed by Mary Follett were not just related to organizations. Some of them also concerned the professional working within these organizations. The popular term used by employees in recent times is professionalism. The word was defined by Mary Parker in a way that holds true in recent terms. According to Follett, â€Å"A professional is a person who maintains loyalty to a code of ethics that transcends to a loyalty to the rest of the organization.† (Shell 2003, p.2) Hence, the term is usually used by freelance or consultants who do not bend their ethics for loyalty towards a company. Applications of Follett’s principles to organizations Mary Follett was one of the pioneers of the profession of Management Consultant in Britain. She worked for global giants like Unilever as wells as progressive Quaker firms (Murphy 2005 p. 80). In both these organizations she held major influence in bringing the human relations principles to managements. Her thoughts however were forgotten for a long time before the globalization of organizations and the consequent increase in difficulty in managing organizations by a single party. This prompted a structure of globalization where the organization looked into becoming better managed rather than more controlled. The principle of human relations can be seen in many of the organizations whether they explicitly follow the principles or not As an example Samsung is one of the giant corporations which had to be decentralized due to the political conditions prevalent in Korea at the time. The company went in for a complete decentralization where each of the industries are governed by an independent body. However, each of the companies follows single corporate vision which joins the company under one head. Samsung prepares its own chips for the end products, and is a world leader in both the mobile and chip segments. The effective delegation of work is one of the chief elements of Mary Follett’s lectures One of the major ironies is that while the work of Mary Parker was not very much in vogue in United States, countries like Britain and especially Japan embraced her philosophy. The Japanese have always been appreciative of her work because it has been in tune with the consensual, thoughtful, careful and above all respectful approach which is the characteristic of Japanese people. This is probably the reason why many of the Japanese companies follow the approach for joining huge corporations –Sony is an example of a huge company conglomerate which is entirely decentralized. In addition it is collaboration with many companies for future research (Mant 1999, p. 99) References Books Bloom SL, Reichert M, 1998, Bearing Witness: Violence and Collective responsibility, Haworth Press, NewYork Collins DV, 2000, Management Fads and Buzzwords: Critical Practical Perspectives, Roultedge, NewYork Covell D, Walker S, Siciliano J, Hess PW, 2007, Managing Sports Organizations: Responsibility for Performance†, Elsevier, Oxford Mant A, 1999, Intelligent Leadership, Allan Unwin, New South Wales Montana PJ, Chamov BH, 2000, Management, Barron’s Educational Series, NewYork Murphy CN, 2005, Global Institutions: Marginalization and Development, Roultedge, NewYork Orlikowski WJ, 2003, Information Technology and Changes in Organizational Work, Springer, London Shell RL, 2003, Management of Professionals, CRC Press, NewYork Tosi HL, Mero NP, Rizzo JR, 2000, Managing Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford Witzel M, 2003, Fifty Key Figures in Management, Roultedge, Newyork Internet Articles http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_decentralzation_delegation.html How to cite Management theory and practice, Essay examples

Shakespeare Argumentative Essay free essay sample

Does it really matter who wrote Shakespeare? Who cares if Shakespeare did not write the greatest plays or sonnets of our millenium? Some research points to the theory that William Shakespeare was credited for plays that he did not write, but that does not change the everlasting impact Shakespearean works have had on the world. Shakespeare is like Santa Claus. He is real up to a certain point. Though Saint Nicholas did give presents to his neighbors, he does not travel all over the world to deliver presents to billions of children. Over time, the truth about him becomes faded and he starts becoming a more fictional character. Shakespeare was credited for work he may not have written, but does that matter? Did Santa really give away presents to the whole globe in one night? No, but Santa still has a significant impact on children all over the world. Not much is known about the real Saint Nick, but it is commonly accepted that he was indeed a good person. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare Argumentative Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Santa is just like William Shakespeare and his plays. Shakespeare will be an iconic writer for a very long time whether he wrote his plays or not. The impact he had on our modern world is enormous. Shakespeare added three thousand new words to the English language (Kurlak). He also wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets that are still read and admired today. Whether Shakespeare wrote them or not makes no difference, The impact is from the words, not the elusive figure who wrote them. Events happen in the world, it does not matter who is responsible, all that is important is that they occurred. William Shakespeare will always be the name of an iconic writer of our time. Shakespeare may or may not be responsible for the great influence on our English language, but it is not that big of a deal. Does it matter what the name of the man who was responsible for the Holocaust was? Sure it was Adolf Hitler, but in the end does that really matter? All that matters is that the events in the Holocaust occurred. Shakespeare is just a name, not a series of events, not three thousand new vocabulary terms, not 38 society-altering plays, not 154 influential sonnets, he is still just a man. Secondly, there is not a scrap of true, complete evidence that points to an alternative authorship to Shakespeare’s plays ( Cleopatra). If there is no true evidence against Shakespeare’s authorship then why should it matter to challenge his authorship in the first place? I know that there are,† possible candidates,† for the true Shakespeare, but there is no real proof. In order to challenge something you need evidence to support your claim. Just like this paper, I would not be able to state anything without evidence from a reliable source. We may never know who the true author was unless evidence is found that proves otherwise. But until that time, who cares? There is no need to be focusing on silly conspiracies that lead to nowhere. Though Shakespeare’s impact stretches far beyond a name, some see the importance of finding the real author of Shakespearean plays and sonnets. These masterpieces are what our society have been basing theatrical performances off of for the past four or five centuries! Many find it imperative that society knows who the true creator of these plays is. If Shakespeare is everything that he is made up to be, then good! That just means that we knew all along and had our historic facts straight. If some of those plays were made by another man, then things might be different. If we discovered that it was actually Francis Bacon who wrote these plays then college and high school courses may change tremendously. In the end though, who cares! The world will not change and society will not dramatically change just because a different man wrote the greatest plays of all time. Shakespeare is the name of probably the greatest author in history. His plays will be used around the world for a very long time. Yet it will not matter ten years from now if someone discovers he was not the true author. In my opinion, nothing will change if Francis Bacon wrote the plays. It is important to know this so you do not end up wasting your time on this topic. Shakespeare will always be the greatest name in the history of theater arts. Whether he wrote his plays or not, this will remain the same. Moreover, I do not believe there is any evidence that leads to Shakespeare not being the true author. There is no proof that he is a fraud so I cannot believe him to be one. Basically what I am saying is, do not bother looking for the true author of Shakespeare’s plays. To me, this is equivalent to finding out who really shot John F. Kennedy, or who was behind the 9/11 attack. It is a silly conspiracy that does not need to be looked into, or over thought about.